I. Speaking
1 need,dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞常用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。肯定句用實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可用于各種句式
He need to buy a new bike. 錯(cuò) He doesn’t need buy a new bike.錯(cuò) He need a new bike. 錯(cuò)
He needs to buy a new bike. 對(duì) He doesn’t need to buy/needn’t buy對(duì) He needs a new bike. 對(duì)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need后不能有to, 否定直接+not, 疑問句need提前。
need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 后面的to可被省略,否定和疑問使用助動(dòng)詞do.
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞： need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth
need 的被動(dòng)含義：need, want, require, worth后面接doing表示被動(dòng)：need doing = need to be done
名詞：We in great need of help. There is no need for money.
2 consist of= be made up of由…組成/構(gòu)成（后面接成分，成員） consist in在于，存在于
make up組成/構(gòu)成；編造，捏造，虛構(gòu)；彌補(bǔ)，把…補(bǔ)上；和解，和好；化裝，打扮
3 be made of由…制成（后面接看得出的原材料） 主動(dòng)語態(tài) make…of用…制成…
be made from由…制成（后面接看不出的原材料） 主動(dòng)語態(tài) make…from用…制成…
be made into被制成… (后面接成品) 主動(dòng)語態(tài) make…into將…制成…
be made out of由…制成 （后面接原材料） 主動(dòng)語態(tài) make… out of用…制成…
be made in在某地被制造 be made by被某人或某廠制造
make use of利用，使用 make good/ better/ best use of好好使用/更好地使用/最大限度地使用
make full/ right/ proper/ poor/ little use of充分使用/正確地使用/適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?沒怎么使用
make the most/ best of充分利用/展示
4 have/ gain/ win an advantage over sb. have the advantage of sb.比某人有優(yōu)勢,勝過/優(yōu)于某人
take advantage of利用/ 欺騙
5 have a chance to do sth. have a chance of doing sth.有機(jī)會(huì)做某事
II. Reading
1 lie/ be off the west coast of Europe位于歐洲西海岸附近/近海
2 a lot, a great/ good deal ①可起名詞作用作主語，賓語 ②可起副詞作用修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語 ③可修飾比較級(jí)
主要用于肯定句，否定句用much I have a lot/ a great/ good deal to tell you. I don’t have much to tell you.
It snowed a lot/ a great/ good deal last year. She is a lot/ a great/ good deal better today
3 as much as多達(dá)，后面接不可數(shù)名詞和表示度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。as many as多達(dá)，后面接可數(shù)名詞
4 start/ begin with以/用…開始 end (up) with以/用…結(jié)束/告終 end up還有“有某種結(jié)局＂的意思
5注意 " not ... until " 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的變化。見Unit1 Integrating skills
6 as well副詞短語“也，還”用于肯定句，相當(dāng)于too,一般放在句末。
as well as 既…又; 和…一樣也; 不但......而且......(as well as 側(cè)重前項(xiàng)，not only…but also…側(cè)重后項(xiàng))
He knows French, and he knows English as well. He gave me money as well as advice(建議).
Lily as well as the boys is from America. (as well as連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞跟前一個(gè)主語一致)
= The boys are from America. Lily is from America as well/ too.
= The boys are from America. Lily is also from America. 或. So is Lily.
= Not only The boys but also Lily is from America (not only…but also…采取就近原則)
The boys aren’t from America. Lily isn’t from America, either. 或 Neither/ nor is Lily.
7 of + 抽象名詞=形容詞 of importance = important of value= valuable of interest= interesting
of + great/much + 抽象名詞 = very + 形容詞 of great/ much help = be very helpful
of + no + 抽象名詞 = not + 形容詞 或-less It is of no use . = It is useless.
8 Don’t judge a person only on the basis of first impression.
Judging from/ by從…來判斷 his accent, he must be from the South.
其他短語：stand for代表 as it is事實(shí)上, 實(shí)際上, 實(shí)際情況是, 按原來的/現(xiàn)在的樣子 hold together 使結(jié)合在一起；使團(tuán)結(jié) in general一般地，大體地 generally speaking一般說來 have (an) influence on/ upon/ over對(duì)…有影響
throughtout the year=all through the year= all the year round一整年，一年到頭 in modern/ ancient times在現(xiàn)/古代
base… on 將……建立在的……基礎(chǔ)上 be based on以…為基礎(chǔ) on a… basis / on the basis of以…為基礎(chǔ)
consider doing sth.=think about/ ofdoing sth.考慮做某事 consider… (as/ to be)…認(rèn)為…是 ，被動(dòng)be considered to…
go on/ make/ take a four-week trip進(jìn)行一次為期四周的旅行 go on/ pay a two- day visit to進(jìn)行二日游
make a travel plan制定旅游計(jì)劃pass the exam考試及格/通過考試 fail (in) the exam考試不及格
III. Integrating skills
1定語從句與狀語從句。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語從句有先行詞， 地點(diǎn)狀語從句前面沒有。
Where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句可以換成in/ at/ to the place+ where引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
I will go where I am most needed by my motherland.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句) 我要去祖國最需要我的地方。
I will go to the place where I am most needed by my motherland.( 定語從句) 我要去祖國最需要我的地方。
Leave the book where it is. (地點(diǎn)狀語從句) 把書留在它所在的地方。（別動(dòng)那本書）
Leave the book at the place where it is. ( 定語從句) 把書留在它所在的地方。（別動(dòng)那本書）
Put the book where it was. ( 地點(diǎn)狀從) 把書放在它原來的地方。Put the book at the place where it was. ( 定從)
Where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句可以換成 the place+ where引導(dǎo)的定語從句
He lives ten miles from where I live.（賓語從句）他住的地方離我住的地方有十英里。
= He lives ten miles from the place where I live. ( 定語從句)
This is where he lives.(表語從句) 這就是他的住處。= This is the place where he lives.( 定語從句)
The station is a long way ____we are. A. in which B. from that C. from where D. from there
Plants of this kind grow best____ it is neither hot nor cold. A in which B where C in places D which
Where there is work, there is success.那里有汗水，哪里就有成果。Where在…的地方
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。
Where there is smoke, there is fire. 那里有煙，那里就有火。（無風(fēng)不起浪）
He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句)
He is such a good teacher that we all like him.(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,such…that… “如此…以致…”
2 如狀語從句的主語與主句的主語一致(或從句的主語是it)，而且從句謂語中又包含be，主語和be動(dòng)詞可省略。
He looked around the room as if (he was) looking for something. Don’t talk while (you are) eating.
When (he was) asked how he gained first place, he suddenly became cheerful.
(You) Don’t come in unless/ until (you are) asked to( come in). 改錯(cuò)I saw the accident when waited for the bus.
(You) Don’t speak unless/ until (you are) spoken to. （主動(dòng) (You) Don’t speak unless/ until others speak to you.）whenever (it is) possible. 如果可能 if (it is) necessary如有必要whenever (it is) possible一有可能就
(類似的有: 現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞短語作定語，可以理解為是定語從句中將關(guān)系代詞作的主語和be動(dòng)詞省略)
Do you know the man (who is) sitting under the tree. Is there anything (that has been) planned for tonight?
3在時(shí)間，條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí), 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)
(賓語從句該用將來時(shí)仍用將來時(shí))
時(shí)間狀語的引導(dǎo)詞有when, while, after, before, as soon as, not…until, once, by；條件狀語的引導(dǎo)詞有if, unless
I don’t know if/ when he will come back. If/ when he comes back, I’ll tell him. 我不知道他是否/什么時(shí)候回來
I will go to bed as soon as the work has been finished. 如果/當(dāng)他回來的時(shí)候，我會(huì)告訴他。
）1 We will go to the park____ tomorrow. A if it not rains B if it won’t rain C unless it rains D unless it will rain
）2 What will you do while your parents____ for the holiday ? A. will be away B. are away C. leave D. will leave
4修飾可數(shù)名詞的量詞few及a few , only/just a few (= very few) not/ quite a few (=many), many, a great/ good many
a number of及 a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good number of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good numbers of
修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞little及a little, only/ just (=very little) , not/ quite a little(=much), much, a great/ good deal of
a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/good amount of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good amounts of
既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的量詞有：some, any, lots of, a lot of, plenty of,
a small/ large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good quantity of，large/huge/ big/ vast/great/ good quantities of
a great/ good many of them
5 feed vi. The sheep are feeding（吃東西） in the fields. feed/ live on以…為主食
vt. feed sb. on/upon/ with sth.= feed sth. to sb.用某物喂（養(yǎng)） 某人
其他短語：raise/keep sheep養(yǎng)羊 without doubt毫無疑問can’t bear doing/ to do sth.不能忍受做某事
employ oneself in/ be employed in/ engage (oneself) in/ be engaged in從事，忙于
be easy to approach(vt.), be easy of approach(n.)（地方）容易到達(dá)，（人）容易接近
He is easy to approach.他平易近人 approach sb. on/ about sth.為某事同某人打交道
the approach to通往…的途徑; …的方法 think… to be= think of…as認(rèn)為…是