高一英語重點詞語用法《5》(新課標版高一英語教案教學設計)

    發布時間:2016-3-6 編輯:互聯網 手機版

    1.reach 的用法

    reach [ri:tM] vt. 到達,抵達。表示到達之意的還有 arrive at (in) , get to 等。例如:

    ① The president reached Beijing by special plane yesterday.

    總統昨天乘專機到達北京。

    ② We reached here Thursday morning. 我們是星期四早晨到達這里的。

    ③ Dr Bethune arrived in Yanan in the spring of 1938.

    白求恩大夫于1938年春到達延安。

    ④ When did you arrive in Europe? 你何時到達歐洲?

    ⑤ She was always the first to arrive at the workshop. 她總是第一個來到車間。

    ⑥ They arrived at the station at two o'clock. 他們兩點鐘來到車站。

    ⑦ We must get to the airport before 8.我們必須在八點鐘前到機場。

    ⑧ When did you get home yesterday? 你昨天什么時候到家的?

    ⑨ “When did the train arrived?” “Half an hour ago.”

    火車何時到達的?半小時之前。

    【注意】在指到達一個洲、國家、城市等大地方時,arrive后多用in;而在指到達一個小地方時,多用at。但如將一個城市當作一個點看待,也可用

    at。例如:

    ① Mary arrived in Shanghai last month. 瑪麗上月到達上海。

    ② We arrived at the small village in the evening. 我們傍晚到達那個小村莊。

    ③ The train arrived at Jinan at ten o' clock. 火車十點鐘抵達濟南站。

    2.discover 的用法

    discover [dis'k)v+] vt. 發現(已存在但并不為人所知的事,通常指地方或科學事實);知道。discover的基本用法如下:

    1)跟名詞或代詞:

    ①It was Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.

    是居里夫人發現了鐳元素。

    ② Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布于1492年發現了美洲。

    2)跟從句:

    ① It was discovered that our food was running short. 我們發現糧食快完了。

    ② We discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我們發現他是一名敵特。

    3)跟帶連接詞的不定式:

    ① We never discovered how to open the box. 我們找不出打開盒子的方法。

    4)跟復合賓語:

    ① We discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我們發現他是一名敵特。

    ② We discovered them sitting around a fire talking.

    我們發現他們圍坐在篝火旁談話。

    3.both [b+uI] 的基本用法

    1)both 用作連詞。通常與and連用,構成“both…and…”形式,意為“……和……兩者都”,使用時,both和and后面一般都跟著相同詞類的詞。例如: ① She both plays the piano and sings. (both+ 動詞+ and+ 動詞)

    她既彈鋼琴,也唱歌。

    ② She plays both the piano and the guitar.

    (both+名詞;and+名詞)

    她既彈鋼琴,也彈吉他。

    2)both用作代詞。常位于連系動詞之后,或實義動詞之前;但若當動詞是由幾個部分組成時,both則放在第一個助動詞之后。此外,它可用作主語。如:

    ①They are both absent. (同位語)他們倆都缺席。

    ②They both agree to stay. (同上)他們倆都同意留下來。

    ③We have both studied French.

    我們兩個人都學習過法語。

    3)both還可作形容詞。其用法和either相似,但both后面接復數名詞,either后面只接單數名詞。如:

    ①New cities came into being on both sides of the Great Wall. (=New cities came into being on either side of the Great Wall.)

    長城的兩邊出現了嶄新的城市。

    4)both的全部否定,應用neither或not…either;而both…not卻是部分否定。如:

    ①Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard.

    (=Either of them was not in good health, but both worked very hard.)

    他們倆身體都不好,但都努力地工作。 ②Both of them are not teachers. 他們倆并非都是教師。

    4.room [ru:m] 的基本用法

    1)room可以用作不可數名詞,意為“(未占用的或可利用的)空間;地位;余地”。例如:

    ①Is there room for me? 還有我的地方嗎?

    ②It's polite for the youth to make room for the old in the bus.

    在公共汽車上為老人讓路是有禮貌的。

    ③There's plenty of room for the desks. 有足夠的空地方放課桌。

    ④There's room for three more. 還有三個人的位置。

    ⑤I haven't much room to move here.

    我這兒沒有多少活動余地。 ⑥Can you make room for another?

    你還能騰出一個(或一件東西)的地方嗎?

    ⑦This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out. 這張桌子占的地方太大,我們最好把它搬到外頭去。

    2)room可以用作可數名詞,意為“房間,室;一套房間;寓所”。例如:

    ①How many rooms are there in this hotel? 這家飯店里有多少房間?

    ②This room is a very pleasant one. 這個房間很舒服。

    【注意】與room常合成的詞有:bathroom 洗澡間;sitting-room 起居室;dinning-room 飯廳;schoolroom教室

    5.prepare的用法

    prepare [pri'p#+] vt. & vi. 準備

    1)跟名詞或代詞(可有較活譯法):

    ①Please prepare the table for dinner. 請擺好桌子吃晚飯。

    ②Mother is preparing us a meal. 母親正為我們做飯。

    2)跟不定式:

    ①They are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他們正忙著準備休假。

    3)prepare for引起的短語表示“為……做好準備”。

    ①We were given two days to prepare for the examination.

    給了我們兩天時間準備考試。

    ②Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.

    [諺]存最好的希望,準備應付最壞的情況。

    6.way的用法 1)way(意為“方法”)經常不用介詞。例如:

    ①I think you're putting it together (in) the wrong way.

    我認為你把它裝錯了。

    ②Do it any Way you like. 你愛怎么干就怎么干。

    在有關從句的句子里,我們在way后面常用that來代替in which。

    例如:

    ③I like the way (that) she organized the meeting. 我喜歡他組織會議的方法。

    2)way后面可跟“帶to的動詞不定式”結構,也可跟“of+ -ing”結構。兩者之間沒有重要區別。例如:

    ①There's no way to prove he was stealing money. 無法證明他在偷錢。

    ②There's no way of proving he was stealing money.

    無法證明他在偷錢。

    3)不要混淆in the way和on the way:in the way是用來談障礙--------阻止你到想去的地方的人或物;on the way意為“在途中”。試比較:

    ①Please don't stand in the kitchen door----you're in the way.

    請不要站在廚房門口--------你擋了我的路。

    ②Let's not stop too often on the way. 咱們別老在途中停留了。

    7.offer的用法

    offer作為及物動詞,有以下幾種意思:

    1)提供,提出。如:

    ①The young man offered the old woman his own seat.

    那位年輕人把自己的座位讓給那位老大娘。 2)出價,開價(常與介詞for連用)。如:

    ①I offered him £10,000 for the house.

    我出價一萬英鎊向他買那座房子。

    ②I offered him the house for £10,000.

    我以一萬磅的價格把那座房子賣給他。

    3)表示愿意做某事(常與不定式連用)如:

    ①We offered to go with him. 我們表示愿意和他一道去。

    ▲另外,offer也可作為名詞用,意思是“提供”,“提供的事物”。如:

    ①You ought to accept the offer. 你應該接受這個提議。

    8.turn 一詞的幾種常見用法

    1)Take turns to do, take turns at doing 或do …by turns 都表示“輪流做某事”的意思。It's one's turn to do… 表示“輪到某人做某事”。注意表達時turn 一詞的單復數形式。如:

    ①Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.

    兩人一組,輪流請對方吃第二部分列出的食物。

    ②They took turns to keep watch.

    他們輪流站崗。(=They kept watch by turns.)

    ③We take turns to make/ at making dinner.

    我們輪流做晚飯。(=We make dinner by turns.)

    ④The two drivers took turns at driving the truck.

    兩個駕駛員輪流開車。(=…drove …by turns.)

    ⑤It's your turn to recite the passage. 輪到你背誦這篇短文了。

    ⑥Whose turn is it to speak now? 現在輪到誰發言了?

    【注意】 Wait your turn是“等著輪到你”的意思,這里wait后不能接for。

    Wait your turn = Wait until it is your turn.

    2)turn = become,用作連系動詞。如:

    ①In autumn the leaves turn brown. 秋天樹葉變黃。

    ②Ice turns into water when (it is) heated. 冰加熱變成水。

    ③Three years later, he turned thief/ doctor.

    三年后他變成了賊/醫生。

    【注意】句③中,turn接表示主語身份的名詞時,該名詞前不帶冠詞。

    ▲說“情況變得更糟了”,英語是 get worse 或 turn for the worse,而個說 turn worse.

    3)turn out表示“結果……”,如:

    ①The project turned out (to be) a failure.

    計劃結果失敗了。(to be可省略)

    ②The day turned out to be a fine one. 結果那天是個晴天。

    ③I hope everything will turn out fine/ well/ all right. 我希望一切都會好的。

    4)turn up = appear, be found 表示“出現”。如:①He promised to come, but so far he hasn't turned up yet.

    他答應來的,可到現在還沒出現。

    ②I expect the missing watch will turn up one day.

    我希望那塊丟失的手表哪一天會出現。

    ③Tom is always waiting for something to turn up.

    Tom總是等待著好運會降臨。

    5)其它turn所用于的情況:

    ①Don't always turn to the dictionary when you come to a new word.碰到生詞時不要總是查詞典。

    ②Don't turn to him for help. 不要求助于他。

    ③He turned the key in the lock. 他用鑰匙開門。

    ④Turn over the page. 翻過一頁。

    ⑤The doctor turned him over and looked at his back.

    醫生把他翻過來查看他的背。 ⑥Turn it round and let me see the other side. 把它轉過來,讓我看另一面。⑦Turn away from the light. 背過光去。

    ⑧Turn down the radio/ light. 把收音機音量放小些/把燈調暗些。⑨Turn your pocket inside out. 把你的口袋翻過來。

    ⑩Turn the bottle upside down. 把瓶倒過來。

    (11)She was angry and turned her back to me. 她生氣了,背對著我。(12)Turn your eyes this way. 朝這邊看。

    9.ship 作為動詞的用法

    1)ship作為及物動詞,意思是“用船運送”、“運送”。如:

    ①They shipped the machine from Shanghai to Tianjin last week.他們于上星期用船把那臺機器從上海運到天津。

    ②Did he ship the goods by train or by plane?

    他是用火車還是用飛機運送那批貨物的?

    2)ship作為不及物動詞,意為“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”。如:①He said good - bye to his family and shipped out for England.他向家人道別,乘船到英國去了。

    ②He shipped as cook. 他在船上當廚師。

    重要詞組短語

    1.be made into, be made of, be made from 和be made up of 的用法區別

    1)be made into意思是“被制成”。如:

    ①In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.

    在世界許多地方玉米被制成粉。

    ②We can make glass into different kinds of things.

    我們可以把玻璃制成各種東西。

    2)be made of原為 be made out of, out常被省略。這一短語表示成品制成后,仍保留了原材料的形狀,制作過程僅發生了物理變化。如:

    ①The desks and chairs are made of wood. 這些課桌都是木頭制成的。

    ②The cloth is made of cotton. 這種布是用棉花制成的。

    3)be made from 表示制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外性和特性,原料在制作過程中發生了化學變化,從成品已無法辨認。如: ①Gas is made from coal. 煤氣由煤制成。

    ②This kind of wine is made from rice. 這種酒是米制成的。

    4)be made up of是“由……組成”的意思。如:

    ①The article is made up of four parts.

    這篇文章由四部分組成。

    ②The sports team is made up of twenty members.

    這支運動隊有二十人組成。

    【注意】be made of,be made into和make …into…許多時候可互換使用。

    如:

    ①Bread is made of flour.

    =Flour can be made into bread.

    =We can make flour into bread.

    =We can make bread (out) of flour.

    2.help oneself 的用法

    help oneself是固定用法,可單獨使用,也可和介詞to連用。主要有四種含義:

    1)serve oneself (with food or drink) 自用(食物等)。如:

    ①There is some bread on the table. You may help yourself to it. 桌子上有面包,你自己拿去吃吧!

    ②----Can I have a drink?

    ----Help yourself.

    “我可以喝點嗎?”

    “別客氣(隨便喝吧)!”

    ③“Jill, help yourself to the pancakes. They are delicious”. 吉爾(自己)拿些煎餅吃吧!非常好吃!

    2)take for (oneself), esp. dishonestly, 擅自取用。此時,to后賓語不一定是食物類,而可以泛指其他各種物品。如:

    ①The money was on the table and no one was there, so he helped himself (to it). 桌上有錢,左右無人,于是他就拿走了。

    ②Before leaving, father warned me against not to help myself to the medicine in the box on the shelf. 出門前,父親再次警告我不要拿放在架子上盒子

    里的藥。

    【注意】 help sb to sth表示“替別人取食物等。”如:

    ①May I help you to some more meat? 我幫你再拿些肉好嗎?

    3.動詞時態和by引起的時間狀語

    by引導的時間狀語,有“在某時前、到某時為止”、“到某時”的意思,所修飾的謂語動詞的時態既取決于by短語,指過去、將來還是現在,也取決于謂語動詞是動作動詞還是狀態動詞。詳述如下:

    1)by引導的時間狀語表示過去某一時間

    (1)如謂語動詞是動作動詞,該動作到by短語所示時間時已經完成,則用過去完成時。如:

    ①By the time he was ten, he had already built a chemistry lab for himself.

    到了十歲時,他為自己建了一個化學實驗室。

    (2)如謂語動詞是動作動詞,該動作到by短語所示時間時尚在進行之中,則用過去進行時。如: ①By seven o'clock, the wind was blowing harder than ever.

    到七點時,北風比以往吹得更強勁了。

    (3)如謂語動詞是狀態動詞,表示到by短語所示時間時存在的狀態,則用過去時。如:

    ①By that time the Japanese were already very near.

    到那時,日本人已經很近了。

    ②By then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.

    到那時,他知道他長大后要干什么。

    (4)如謂語動詞是狀態動詞,表示到by短語所示時間時該狀態已延續若干時間,則用過去完成時。這時,另有一個表示一段時間的狀語,說明該狀態延續的時間長度。如: ①By the end of last month, my brother had been on that ship for two years.

    到上月底,我兄弟在那艘輪船上已有兩年了。

    2)by短語表示將來某一時間

    (1)謂語動詞如果是動作動詞,則用將來完成時或一般將來時,表示到by短語所表示的時間時該動作將完成。如:

    ①Quite often you'll find the unknown word comes again, perhaps several times and by the end of the chapter you'll have guessed its meaning.

    你常常會發現,那個不認識的單詞會再次出現,也許會多次出現。到全章快讀完時,你就會猜出這個詞的意義了。

    ②We will have the work completed by noon tomorrow.

    到明天中午我們將把工作做完。

    在主動詞為過去式的賓語從句中則用過去將來時。如:

    ③Mrs Adams thought the movie would be finished by 10:30 p. m. 亞當斯認為電影到晚上十點半會結束。

    (2)如謂語動詞是狀態動詞,則用一般將來時,表示到by短語所示時間將出現的狀態。如:

    ①Your son will be all right by supper time.

    到吃晚飯時你兒子(的病)就會好了。

    ②He won't be here by this time tomorrow.

    明天這個時候他還不會到這里。

    3)by短語表示現在

    如謂語動詞是動作的動詞,則用現在完成時,表示到現在該動作已完成。如: Perhaps she's recovered by now. 也許現在她已恢復健康了。

    4.be able to與can的用法區別

    be able to表示能力,意思上與can沒有區別,但can只有現在式和過去式(could),而 be able to則有更多的形式,體現在be的時態變化上。例如:

    ①No one is able to do it. (= No one can do it.) 沒人能做這件事。

    ②We shall be able to finish the work next week.

    我們下周將能完成這項工作。

    ③I haven't been able to find the book. 我沒能夠找到那本書。

    常用句型結構

    1.as…as…中第一個as是副詞,第二個as是連詞,其基本用法如下:

    1)如果我們要說兩個東西在某方面是一樣的,同我們就可以用as…as… 加一個原級形容詞或副詞。如:

    ①It's as cold as ice. 它象冰一樣冷。

    ②He drove as fast as he could. 他盡可能快開。

    在非正式文體中,第一個as往往省略。美國英語尤其如此。例

    如:

    ③She's bard as mails. 她冷酷無情。

    如果第二個as后面跟的是人稱代詞,可以用主格(I,he,we等),也可以用賓格(me,him,us等)。在正式的文體中多用主格(as clever as I),但在非正式的講話或文字中,賓格較為普通(as clever as me)。

    【注意】在作否定的比較時,可用not as…as…,也可用not so…as…。在現代英語中,兩者都是正確的。例如:

    ④She's not as/ so nice as her sister. 她不如她姐姐好。

    2)如果涉及數量,我們可以用as much …as…或as many …as…加一個名詞。

    例如:

    ①I haven't got as much money as I thought.

    我沒有原來想象的那么多錢。

    ②We need as many records as possible.

    我們需要盡量多弄到一些唱片。

    ▲as much和 as many也可用作代詞,后面不跟名詞。如:

    ③I ate as much as I could. 我放開肚子大吃了一頓。

    ④He didn't catch as much as he'd hoped.

    他沒有得到預期的那么多。

    ▲as much還可以用作狀語,來修飾某個動作或狀態。如:

    ⑤You ought to rest as much as possible. 你應當盡量多休息。

    3)as…as還可以與twice,three times等連用,也可以與half,a quarter等連用。例如:

    ①I'm not going out with a man who's twice as old as me.

    我不愿意和一個年紀比我大一倍的人一起參加社交活動。

    ②We got three times as many people as expected.

    來的人超過我們預料人數的兩倍。

    ③You're not half as clever as you think you are.

    你可不象自己想象的一半那么聰明。

    2.“too…to…”意為“太……以致于不能……”。例如:

    ①He's too old to work. 他太老了,不能工作了。

    ②It's too late for the pubs to be open.

    天太晚了,酒館不會營業了。

    ③It's too heavy for you to lift. 太重了,你提不起來。

    【注意】當glad,eager,easy,pleased等形容詞放在“too…to…”結構中的“too”后時,其后的不定式短語往往含有肯定意義。例如:

    ①I am too eager to join the Youth League. 我非常渴望加入共青團。

    ②I am too glad to meet you. 見到你我非常高興。

    3.感嘆句的兩種形式

    感嘆句由 What或 How引導。What后接名詞;How后接形容詞或副詞。構成以下句型:What+a(an)+(adj.)+可數名詞單數;What+(adj.)+可數名詞復數或不可數名詞以及How+(adj. & adv). +句子。例如:

    ①What an interesting film we saw yesterday!

    昨天我們看的電影真有趣!

    ②What delicious beancurd you offered me!

    你給我的豆腐真好吃!

    ③How delicious the soup is! 這湯真香!

    ④How hard the farmers are working in the fields!

    農夫們在田野里干得多起勁!

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