Unit 16 Book 2 Language Points

    發布時間:2016-9-4 編輯:互聯網 手機版

    重點詞語用法

    1.動詞time

    1)動詞time有“選擇(某事)的時機;安排……的時間”的意思,尤用于被動語態。

    ①You've timed your holiday cleverly----the weather's at its best. 你真會選度假時間--正是天氣最好的時候。

    ② His remark was well/badly timed.

    他說的話正合(不合)時宜。

    ③ Kick-off is timed for 2. 30.

    足球開賽時間定于二點半。

    ④The train is timed to connect with the ferry.

    火車時刻編排得可與渡船運行時刻銜接。

    ⑤The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.

    炸彈已經校準在人最多的時候爆炸。

    2)動詞time還可表示“(為跑步者、賽跑、某過程)計時”。

    ①The egg is hard; you didn't time it properly.

    雞蛋煮老了,你沒掌握好火候。

    ②Time me while I do two lengths of the pool.

    給我記一下游一個來回的時間。

    2.動詞slow的用法

    slow [sl+u] (=to become/make slower) 為動詞,意為“減慢”、“使……緩慢”。例如:

    ①We'd better slow down before reaching the crossroads.

    在到達十字路口以前,我們最好減速。

    ②The bus slowed its speed as it came near to the bus stop.

    汽車進站時就放慢了速度。

    ③The icy road slowed our progress.

    結冰的道路使我們前進的速度減慢了。

    【注意】在英語中,有的形容詞可以轉化成動詞。例如:

    ①Please warm this soup. (warm----to become/make warmer)

    請把這湯熱一熱。

    ②The weather is warming when spring comes.

    當春天到來時,天氣變得暖和起來。

    ③The snow and cold wind has cooled the air.

    這場雪和寒風使空氣變涼了。

    ④Let your tea cool a little because it is too hot now.

    因為現在茶太熱了,讓它先涼一會兒吧。

    3.sand

    1)sand作“沙子,沙粒”意時,為不可數名詞。

    They mix sand and cement to make concrete.

    他們把沙子和水泥混合制成混凝土。

    2)作“沙灘、沙洲、沙地、沙漠”解,多用sands。

    ①Children like to play on the sands.

    孩子們喜歡在沙灘上玩。

    ②Is it something enjoyable to travel across the burning sands of the desert?

    在沙漠中滾燙的沙地里行走是件令人愉快的事嗎?

    3)The sands are running out. 意為“期限將到,剩下的時間不多了。

    His sands of life is running out. 他命數將盡。

    4.feed

    1)feed意為“喂養,飼養”。

    ①She has a large family to feed. 她要養活一大家子人。

    ②Have you fed the chickens? 小雞喂過了嗎?

    ③What do you feed your dog on? 你用什么喂狗?

    ④You should feed the baby some more stewed apple.

    你該給嬰兒多喂些燉蘋果。

    2)feed還表示“給(某物)提供(某物)”。

    ①The lake is fed by several small streams.

    這湖是由幾條小溪的水匯成的。

    ②You should feed the fire with wood.

    該往火里添柴了。

    5.deep & deeply

    1)deep可用作形容詞,意為“深的,高深的”。

    deep lips 厚嘴唇

    deep red 深紅色

    deep water 困境

    deep in the study 潛心研究

    deep in thought 沉思

    2)deep用作副詞時,常用于具體的(時、空等)的深度。

    ①dig deep 深挖 bury deep 深埋

    ②deep-rooted 根深蒂固的

    deep-freeze 速凍,冷藏

    ③drive deep into the wall 深深地打入墻內

    ④seek deep into one's mind 深深地印入腦海

    ⑤go/study deep into the subject 深入研究這一課題

    ⑥Still water runs deep. (諺)沉默者深謀。

    3)deeply 是個副詞,常用于比喻場合,表示“非常地,深深地”。

    ①I am deeply interested in this subject.

    我對這一學科很感興趣。

    ②I deeply regret your misfortune.

    對你的不幸我深感同情。

    ③I'm deeply grateful for your advice.

    我對于你給的勸告很感激。

    ④He is deeply hurt. 他深受傷害。

    ⑤She is deeply moved. 她深受感動。

    6.direction

    1)direction 是個可數名詞,意為“方向”。

    ①Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another.

    Tom 朝一個方向走,而Harry朝另一個方向走了。

    ②The signpost points in a west direction.

    路標指向西。

    ③When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions.

    警察一到,人群就向四面八方散開了。

    2)direction 可指“趨向,趨勢,動向”,為可數名詞。

    ①That is the present direction of government thinking.

    這就是當今政府考慮問題的取向。

    ②We're making changes in various directions.

    我們正在多方面進行改革。

    3)directions 可指“指南,說明書,用法,操作說明”或“(信件,包裹上的)姓名地址”。

    ①Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box.

    盒上印有裝配模型的簡要說明。

    ②The parcel was returned to the sender because the directions were incorrect.

    包裹因姓名地址有誤而退給了寄件人。

    7.certain 的意思和用法

    1)certain 為形容詞,相當于 sure,意為“有把握的”、“肯定的”,多用作表語,其后跟of短語,不定式或從句。如:

    ①I am certain of his success.

    我肯定他能成功。

    ②Are you certain of what you say?

    你對你說的話有把握嗎?

    ③He is certain to come.

    他一定會來。

    ④You are certain to be happy with them.

    跟他們在一起你一定會很高興。

    ⑤The duties before us are certain to be heavy.

    擺在我們面前的任務一定是很重的。

    ⑥I am not certain whether he will come.

    我沒有把握他究竟來不來。

    ⑦It is certain that two and two make four.

    二加二等于四是確信無疑的。

    ⑧I am certain that our football team will win.

    我確信我們的足球隊會贏。

    【注】be certain of…表示句子主語對某事有把握;be certain to+動詞原形,表示說話人的一種看法。如:

    ①He is certain of living to 100.

    他堅信自己能活到一百歲。(主語對活到一百歲有把握)

    ②He is certain to live to 100.

    他一定能活到一百歲。(說話人的看法而非主語有把握)

    2)certain 還可作“某人、某些、某種”解釋,此時只作定語。

    ①A certain Mr Wang came to see me yesterday.

    昨天一位姓王的先生來找我。

    ②There was a certain coldness in her attitude toward me.

    她對我的態度有一點冷淡。

    ③I am prepared to make certain concessions.

    我作好準備作某些讓步。

    【注】certain 作定語用時,如修飾單數可數名詞,應用a certain,如修飾不可數名詞或復數名詞,則不用a。如:

    a certain Smith 一位姓史密斯的人

    on certain conditions 附帶某些條件

    to a certain degree 在某種程度上

    for a certain reason 為了某種理由

    3)certain 還可作代詞用,意為“某幾個”、“某些”。如:

    certain of his friends 他的某些朋友

    certain 的常見詞組有:

    for certain 無疑地、確定地

    make certain 弄清楚、弄確實。如:

    ①I can not say for certain when he will arrive.

    我不敢確定地說他將何時到達。

    ②I think there is a train at 8:20, but you ought to make certain.

    我想在八點二十分有一班火車,不過你應該問清楚。

    ③Please make certain of the date of meeting.

    請把開會日期弄清楚。

    重要詞組短語

    1.come up 意為“走近,走上來” ;“出現”。例如:

    ①While we were cleaning the street, a stranger came up to ask the way.

    當我們在清掃大街的時候,一個陌生人走上來問路。

    ②When we were in need of help, a PLA man came up to offer his help.

    當我們需要幫助的時候,一位解放軍走上來主動給我們提供幫助。

    ③The plan will probably come up at the meeting.

    這項計劃會上可能會提出來。

    ④He came up for interview but did not get the job.

    他到現場接受面試,但并未得到工作。

    2.make up 意為“組成”;“構成”,常用于被動語態“be made up of”,意為“由……組成”;“由……構成”。例如:

    ①These five parts make up the book. (或 The book is made up of these five parts.)這五部分構成了本書。(本書是由這五部分組成的。)

    ②Hundreds of parts make up the electric computer. (或 The electric computer is made up of hundreds of parts.)數百個零件組成了這臺電腦。

    3.too much和much too的區別

    too much一般是用在不可數名詞前作前置定語,而much too一般修飾形容詞,放在形容詞之前。例如:

    ①Eating too much meat will make you put on weight.

    吃太多的肉將會使你發福。

    ②This mountain is much too high for the old men to climb.

    這座山讓這些老年人來爬太高了。

    4.stay clean 保持清潔

    1)stay 在這里是系動詞,后跟形容詞、介詞短語等作表語,其意思相當于 remain 或keep。如:

    ①You can't expect to slay young.

    你不可能指望一直很年輕。

    ②The shop stays open until eight.

    商店一直開到8點。

    ③What a lovely day! I hope it'll stay fine.

    多好的天!我希望能晴下去。

    ④The patient's temperature stayed around 40℃.

    這病人的體溫持續在攝氏四十度左右。

    2)stay 作為不及物動詞時,有“停留”、“暫住”、“耽擱”、“中止”、“站住”、“堅持”等多種意思,應根據句子上下文確定它的意思。

    如:

    ①Stay! You have forgotten your umbrella.

    等一等!你把雨傘忘了。

    ②Won't you stay for supper?

    請留下吃晚飯好嗎?

    ③I stayed to see what would happen.

    我留下看進一步的發展。

    ④The teacher made the boy stay in and do his exercises again.

    老師要那男孩留在學校里重做練習。

    3)stay 也可作為及物動詞用。意為“阻止”、“延緩”等。如:

    ①The doctors tried their best to stay the progress of the disease.

    醫生們做了一切努力來制止疾病發展。

    ②He bought some bread to stay his hunger.

    他買了面包來充饑。

    ③The judgement was stayed because the defendant was ill.

    由于被告生病,審判推遲了。

    ④He stayed the work and had the machine repaired.

    他停下工作請人修機器。

    4)動詞stay構成的常見詞組有:

    stay away 外出

    stay in 呆在家里

    stay on 繼續停留

    stay up 不睡覺、熬夜

    stay over 過夜

    5.名詞作定語

    在英文中可以用名詞直接做定語用,常見的有:

    a shoe shop 鞋店

    a war story 戰爭故事

    a furniture exhibition 家具展覽

    a history book 一本歷史書

    a traffic jam 交通阻塞

    a table lamp 臺燈

    an iron bridge 鐵橋

    chocolate ice-cream 巧克力冰淇淋

    a conference room 會議室

    a bus/train station 汽車(火車)站

    a steam engine 蒸汽機

    holiday plans 假期計劃

    a telephone bill 電話收費單

    a blood test 驗血

    adult education 成人教育

    the car door 汽車門

    the table leg 桌腿兒

    the river bank 河岸

    a coffee cup 咖啡杯

    mountain top 山頂

    chicken soup 雞湯

    baby clothes 嬰兒服

    常用句型結構

    1.談論天氣的省略句型

    在日常交際用語中談論天氣的時候常使用省略句。例如:

    ①Fine day, isn't it. (=It's a fine day, isn't it?)

    天真好,是嗎?

    ②Very hot, isn't it? (=It's very hot, isn't it?)

    天氣很熱,是嗎?

    ③Blowing hard, isn't it? (=It's blowing hard, isn't it?)

    風刮得很大,是不是?

    2.句型“I wish(that)…”是表示“愿望”的交際用語。

    這個句型所表示的是一種不可能實現的愿望,可譯為“但愿……就好了”,含有表示遺憾的意思。因此在賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣。表示現在不可能實現的愿望時,從句中的謂語動詞用過去式;如果謂語動詞是be,則不論主語人稱如何,謂語動詞都用were。例如:

    ①I wish I could speak Japanese. (=I am sorry I cannot speak Japanese.)但愿我(現在)會講日語就好了。(遺憾的是我不會講日語。)

    ②I wish they were able to pass the final-term examination. (=But in fact they are not able to pass the final-term examination.)要是他們能通過期末考試

    就好了。(但事實上他們不能通過期末考試。)

    ③I wish I knew her address and telephone number. (=I'm sorry I don't know her address and telephone number.)要是我知道她的地址和電話號碼就好了。(很遺憾我不知道她的地址和電話號碼。)

    ④I wish you were a teacher and she were a doctor (In fact, you are not a teacher and she is not a doctor.)但愿你是教師,她是醫生。(事實上,你不是教師,她也不是醫生。)

    3.句型“It's a pity that…”是用來表示“遺憾”的交際用語。在口語中“It's a”和“that”都可以省略。例如:

    ①Pity we are not living in Beijing. (=It's a pity that we are not living in Beijing.)很遺憾我們不住在北京。

    ②Pity you can't sing an English song. (=It's a pity that you can't sing an English song.)

    真遺憾,你不會唱英語歌曲。

    ③Pity I can't go to the movie together with you this afternoon.

    真遺憾,我今天下午不能和你們一道去看電影。

    ④Pity I can't manage it myself. 很遺憾我自己干不了。(=It's a pity that I can't manage it myself.)

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