初一 U19 Food and drink(1)
Ⅰ.首先用英語(yǔ)回答幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：
⒈What day is it today? 或者說(shuō)：What day is today?
⒉What’s the date today?
⒊Who is on duty doday?
⒋Is everyone here today? 或者說(shuō)：Are we (you) all here today?
⒌Who is not here today? 或者說(shuō)：Who is not at school today?
參考答案
⒈It’s Monday today. 或者說(shuō)：Today in Monday.
⒉It’s February 21,2000. (It’s February the twenty-first,2000)
⒊Wei Fang is an duty today.
⒋Yes, everyone is here today. / Yes, we are. 或No, we aren’t.
⒌Li Lei is not here today. / Li Lei is not at school today.
在問(wèn)完以上這些問(wèn)題之后再加上一個(gè)新的句子：I have a new watch, today?
給同學(xué)看：This is my new watch. Do you like it?
I have a new watch. Do you like it?是本單元的重點(diǎn)句型之一。
have是有的意思，但是它有人稱(chēng)的變化，請(qǐng)看下面人稱(chēng)與have的關(guān)系。
I have a new watch. 我有一塊新表。We have some new books. 我們有一些新書(shū)。
They have two children. 他們有兩個(gè)孩子。You have a god teacher. 你們有一位好老師。
以上的人稱(chēng)都可以have表示“有”。再請(qǐng)看下列各句：
She has a sister. 她有一個(gè)妹妹。He has a little dog.他有一只小狗。
Tom has a happy family. 湯姆有一個(gè)幸福的家庭。
以上例句的主語(yǔ)都屬于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，因此動(dòng)詞have就變了has.
Ⅱ. 本單元中出現(xiàn)了可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法，先請(qǐng)看下列單詞：
rice(米飯，大米) tea(茶) bread(面包) milk(牛奶) meat(肉) water(水) orange(桔汁)
以上這些單詞都是不可數(shù)名詞，在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中，名詞分兩種：可數(shù)名詞（單數(shù)形式、復(fù)數(shù)形式）、不可數(shù)名詞（只有單數(shù)形式）。不可數(shù)名詞雖然沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但加上一個(gè)相應(yīng)的量詞就可以表示出多數(shù)了。
比如：a bowl of rice一碗米飯 a cup of tea一杯茶
two bowls of rice兩碗米飯 three cups of tea三杯茶
a piece of bread一片面包 a bottle of milk一瓶牛奶
some pieces of bread幾片面包 many bottles of milk許多瓶牛奶
a glass of water一杯水 a bottle of orange一瓶桔汁
two glasses of water兩杯水 four bottles of orange四瓶桔汁
不可數(shù)名詞表示多數(shù)時(shí)必須加上一個(gè)相應(yīng)的量詞，復(fù)數(shù)必須加在量詞的后面，而不可數(shù)名詞的后面永遠(yuǎn)不能加復(fù)數(shù)。除此之外不可數(shù)名詞前面還經(jīng)常用some（一些）和any（任何）兩個(gè)詞表示數(shù)量。
比如：I have some bread and a glass of milk. 我吃了一些面包和一杯牛奶。
但some多用于肯定句中，any用在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，請(qǐng)比較下列各句。
⒈There are some bread on the table.
⒉Is there any water in the glass?
第一句是陳述句（肯定句）用some表示，一些面包。第二句用于問(wèn)句中的any，表示任何。但在中文當(dāng)中可以不翻譯出來(lái)，只是疑問(wèn)句中習(xí)慣用any。此句被譯為：杯子里有水嗎？不要譯成杯子里有任何水嗎？
在some后面加上單詞thing就變成了另外一個(gè)單詞something（某事）
在any后面加上單詞thing就變成了另外一個(gè)單詞anything（任何事物）
但它們的用法與some,any的用法一樣，something用于肯定句，而anything用于否定句中，但是在下面的句型當(dāng)中用法特殊。請(qǐng)看下面一組對(duì)話。
A：Can I help you?
B：Yes, Er, What would you like?
C：I don’t know.
B：Well, Would you like something to drink? What about a glass of milk?
C：No ,thanks. I think I’d like a bottle of orange.
這一組對(duì)話中的something to drink這一句話不要看成是一般疑問(wèn)句型。這是一種表示請(qǐng)示或者建議的特殊句型，因此不能用anything。還有類(lèi)似的表示建議的句子：
Would you like something to eat? 你要不要吃點(diǎn)什么？
Could you tell me something about your class? 你可以告訴我有關(guān)你們班里的事情嗎？
這里的Would like是“想要”的意思，比want要婉轉(zhuǎn)，客氣些。比如服務(wù)員詢(xún)問(wèn)顧客想要什么等場(chǎng)合，常說(shuō)“What would you like?”回答時(shí)用I’d (would) like….。
例如：①A：What would you like? 你想要什么？B：I ‘d like an eraser. 我想要一塊橡皮。
②A：What would you like to drink? 您想喝點(diǎn)什么？
B：I’d (would) like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
③A：Would you like a glass of milk? 您想喝杯牛奶嗎？
B：Yes, please. 是的，請(qǐng)給我拿一杯吧。
No, thanks. 不喝，謝謝您。
這些句型都表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求，證求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)等等。
剛才我們講到不可數(shù)名詞常與There are句型連用。
比如：There is some orange in the bottle. 這個(gè)瓶子時(shí)有些桔汁。
There are two cups of coffee on the table. 桌子上有兩杯咖啡。
在特殊疑問(wèn)句中它們常與How many和How much連用。
例如：①How much milk is there in the bottle? 牛奶不可數(shù)，因此用How much來(lái)表示多少。回答：There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有一點(diǎn)牛奶。
②How many bottles of milk are there in the box？這個(gè)箱子里有多少瓶牛奶？
回答：There are five bottles of milk in the box. 這個(gè)箱子里有五瓶牛奶。
③How many bananas can you see in the basket? 你能看見(jiàn)藍(lán)子里有多少香蕉？
回答：I can see many bananas in the basket. 我看見(jiàn)藍(lán)子里有許多香蕉。
以上三組問(wèn)答中用了相同的句型，但要注意不同的問(wèn)題要用不同的回答方式。這是在應(yīng)用中經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。How many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。How much+不可數(shù)名詞。
Ⅲ. 練習(xí)部分
A：請(qǐng)把下面的短語(yǔ)譯成中文：
⒈a cup of tea _____ ⒉a glass of milk ______
⒊a bottle of water _____ ⒋two pieces of bread ____
⒌three pieces of meat ______ ⒍a bottle of orange _____
⒎some cakes ______ ⒏some rice _______
⒐What about some cakes? ______ ⒑something to drink _______
⒒something to eat ________ ⒓Would you like to _______?
B：選擇正確答案：
⒈How many ______ can you see in the basket?
A. rice B. meat C. apples D. food
⒉I’d like a bottle of milk. ________ you?
A. How B. What about C. What D. Are
⒊I ______ a new watch. ______ you like it ?
A. am, Do B. have, Do C. has, Are
⒋I would like ______.
A. two glasses of waters B. two glass of water
C. two glasses of water D. two glasses water
C：連詞成句：
⒈can, see, I, some, cakes, boxes, of, on, table, the.
⒉Would, you, like, how, bananas, many.
⒊Would, like, I, orange, an, some, pears, and.
D：將下列對(duì)話譯成中文：
A：What would you like?
B：I’d like a skirt.
A：What about this white one?
B：No, I don’t like it much. That yellow one’s nice.
A：Here you are.
B：Yes, Good, How much is it?
A：25 yuan.
B：Here’s the money(錢(qián)).
A：Thank you. Bye.
B：Bye.
參考答案
A：⒈一杯茶；⒉一杯牛奶；⒊一瓶水；⒋兩片面包；⒌三塊肉；⒍一瓶桔汁；⒎一些蛋糕；⒏一些米飯（大米）；⒐來(lái)些蛋糕怎么樣？；⒑一些喝的；⒒一些吃的；⒓你想……
B：⒈C；⒉B；⒊B；⒋C
C：⒈I can see some boxes of cakes an the table.
⒉How many bananas would you like?
⒊I would like an orange and some pears.
D：A：你想要什么？
B：我想要一條裙子。
A：這條白色的怎么樣？
B：我不太喜歡這條白色的，那條黃色的不錯(cuò)。
A：給你。
B：好，多少錢(qián)。
A：二十五元。
B：給你錢(qián)。
A：謝謝，再見(jiàn)。
B：再見(jiàn)。