非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)透視

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-8-26 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

    作者:孟衛(wèi)中

    一、動(dòng)名詞既具備動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)(可接自己的賓語(yǔ)、可受副詞的修飾),又具有名詞的性質(zhì)(在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等);前面還可以加上形容詞性物主代詞my, his, her, your, our, their等或名詞的所有格Tom's, his father's, my friend's等,構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其中物主代詞或名詞的所有格是動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如:

    Your going there won't do good to him.

    My only comfort is his behaving well again.

    當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),邏輯主語(yǔ)可用代詞賓格代替物主代詞或用名詞普通格代替名詞所有格。

    二、V-ing形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是句子的主語(yǔ),即:誰(shuí)充當(dāng)了句子的主語(yǔ),誰(shuí)就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。如:

    Just after putting away the dishes, Mother heard the doorbell ring.

    三、有些分詞用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度或看法,通常放在句首,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)。此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有considering, judging from / by, generally / strictly / frankly / honestly / exactly speaking, taking...into consideration, supposing, speaking / talking of, seeing that等。如:

    Judging from his accent, he is from Australia.

    四、不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ),即:誰(shuí)充當(dāng)了句子的語(yǔ),誰(shuí)就是這個(gè)目的的發(fā)出者。如:

    To learn English well, one needs a lot of practice.

    但也有一些固定表達(dá)不受這條規(guī)則的限制,常見(jiàn)的有:to tell you the truth(老實(shí)說(shuō)), to be honest / frank(老實(shí)說(shuō),坦白地說(shuō)), to make matters worse(更糟糕的是), to start / begin with(首先), to make a long story short(長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)), to conclude(總而言之), to be brief(簡(jiǎn)言之), to be exact(確切地說(shuō)), to be frank with you(老實(shí)說(shuō)), to say nothing of(姑且不說(shuō)) 等。這些固定搭配常置于句首,用作插入語(yǔ)。

    五、在It is + adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.句型中,it是形式主語(yǔ),不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)for / of sb. to do sth. 是真正的主語(yǔ)。復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的代詞或名詞即為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如:

    It's kind of you to say so.

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