高一英語重點(diǎn)詞語用法6

    發(fā)布時(shí)間:2016-1-15 編輯:互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 手機(jī)版

    1.sport與game用法比較

    1)sport可指各種運(yùn)動(dòng)或戶外消遣,可以是娛樂性的,也可以是競賽性的體育活動(dòng)。sport特指某種運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目時(shí),一般用作可數(shù)名詞;它還指運(yùn)動(dòng)會,常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 sports(=sports meet)。如:

    ①Our headmaster is fond of sport, not music.

    我們校長喜歡體育,不喜歡音樂。

    ②Fishing and hunting are his favorite sports.

    釣魚和打獵是他特別喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

    ③The school sports meet will take place next week. 學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會將在下周舉行。

    2)比較:game(游戲、運(yùn)動(dòng)、比賽)。可以是戶內(nèi)或戶外的,也可以是腦力或體力的,通常有一定規(guī)則,凡參加者都必須遵守。指球賽時(shí),美國英語用game,英國英語用match。指大型的國際體育運(yùn)動(dòng)會、比賽,用game.

    如:

    ①Football is a game which makes me excited.

    足球是一項(xiàng)讓我激動(dòng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

    ②Let's play a game of chess! 咱們下盤棋吧。

    ③The Olympic Games are held every four years. 每四年舉行一次奧運(yùn)會。

    2.excite一詞的用法

    1)excite作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“使激動(dòng)”,“使興奮”,在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中以事物作主語;在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中以人作主語。如:

    ①The result of the experiment excited me. 實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果令我激動(dòng)。

    ②Everybody was excited by the news of the victory.

    人人為此勝利的消息而興奮。

    2)exciting與excited都可作形容詞用,在句中作定語或表語,但兩者用法不同。exciting意思是“令人激動(dòng)的”,常用來修飾事物;excited 意思是“對……感到激動(dòng)的”,常用來修飾人或人的表情、聲音等。如:

    ①Why were they so excited?

    他們?yōu)槭裁慈绱思?dòng)?

    ②The excited children were opening their Christmas gifts.

    激動(dòng)的孩子們打開圣誕禮物。

    ③The trip was very pleasant and exciting.

    這次旅行使人感到又愉快又激動(dòng)。 ④We just watched an exciting football match.

    我們剛看了一場激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。

    ⑤He gave an excited shout. 他發(fā)出了激動(dòng)的叫喊。

    注:在上例中,修飾shout的形容詞不是exciting而是excited,表示“喊聲”是由于人的激動(dòng)而發(fā)出的。

    3)excitement是名詞,作“興奮、激動(dòng)”解時(shí),是不可數(shù)名詞;作“使人興奮的事物”時(shí),是可數(shù)名詞。

    3.join, join in, take part in 和 attend 的用法比較

    這幾個(gè)詞或短語都有“參加”的意思,但用法不同。

    1)join有兩個(gè)用法:

    (1)指加入某個(gè)黨派,團(tuán)體組織等,成為其成員之一,意為:“參軍、入團(tuán)、入黨”等。如:

    ①When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么時(shí)候參軍的?

    ②She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先隊(duì)。

    (2)和某人一道做某事,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:join sb. in (doing) sth.,根據(jù)上下文,in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。如:

    ①Will you join us in the discussion? 你參加我們的討論嗎?

    ②He'll join us in singing the song. 他將和我們一道唱歌。

    ③We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us?

    我們打算星期天去東湖公園。你跟我們一道去好嗎?

    2)join in多指參加小規(guī)模的活動(dòng)如“球賽、游戲”等,常用于日常口語。

    如:

    ①Come along, and join in the ball game. 快,來參加球賽。

    ②Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你為什么沒參加座談?

    3)take part in 指參加會議或群眾性活動(dòng)等,著重說明句子主語參加該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)并在活動(dòng)中發(fā)揮作用。如:

    ①We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation.

    暑假期間我們將參加社會實(shí)踐。

    ②We often take part in physical labour. 我們經(jīng)常參加體力勞動(dòng)。

    【注意】take part in是慣用詞組,part前一般不用冠詞,但part前有形容詞修飾時(shí),要用不定冠詞。如:

    ①Lincoln took an active part in polities and was strongly against slavery.

    林肯積極參加政治活動(dòng),強(qiáng)烈反對奴隸制。

    4)attend是正式用語,及物動(dòng)詞,指參加會議,婚禮,葬禮,典禮;去上課,上學(xué),聽報(bào)告等。句子的主語只是去聽,去看,自己不一定起積極作用。

    如:

    ①He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow.

    他明天要參加一個(gè)重要的會議。

    ②I attended his lecture. 我聽了他的講課。

    4.farther與further的區(qū)別

    1)表示“較遠(yuǎn)”、“更遠(yuǎn)”時(shí),兩者可以通用。如: ①We can't go any farther (further) with a rest. 我們不休息無法向前走了。

    ②They went farther (further) into the forest。他們走向森林深處。

    2)further還表示“更多的”,“另外的”;“進(jìn)一步”,“深一層”;“而且,此外”等含義,而farther沒有此義。如:

    ①We must get further information. 我們必須獲得更多的信息。

    ②We need go further into the matter. 我們必須進(jìn)一步調(diào)查此事。

    ③The Museum will be closed until further notice.

    該博物館將關(guān)閉,開放時(shí)將另行通知。

    5.win與beat的用法區(qū)別

    win與beat的區(qū)別:win后接戰(zhàn)爭、比賽、獎(jiǎng)品等名詞作賓語,不能接競爭對手作賓語;而beat后常接競爭對手,意為“打敗”、“擊敗”。試比較:

    win a race/a battle/ a prize/a medal/success/friendship

    贏得賽跑/戰(zhàn)役/獎(jiǎng)品/獎(jiǎng)?wù)?成功/友誼。

    beat the competitor/the team/the country打敗對手/隊(duì)/國家

    6.time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí)的用法

    time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí),常用復(fù)數(shù)形式(times)。如:

    ①In ancient times, man lived on wild plants and wild beasts.

    在古代,人類靠野果和野獸為生。

    ②Times have changed, and we shouldn't fall behind.

    時(shí)代變了,我們不應(yīng)落后于時(shí)代。

    ③She didn't understand the spirit of the times. 她不理解那個(gè)時(shí)代的精神。

    【注意】 time作“時(shí)代”解時(shí),也可用單數(shù)形式,如:

    ①He lived in Queen Victoria's time. 他生活在維多利亞女王時(shí)代。

    7.happen 的兩種含義

    happen可作“發(fā)生”解,常指意外地、偶然地發(fā)生某一件事。它的另一含義是“碰巧”。如:

    ①What time did the accident happen? 事故是什么時(shí)間發(fā)生的?

    ②If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他發(fā)生什么事,請通知我。

    ③I happened to meet him in the street yesterday. 我昨天碰巧在街上遇見他。

    ④It so happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我身上沒帶錢。

    8.every和表示數(shù)量的詞連用。

    1)every可與表示數(shù)量的詞連用,表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔。如:

    ①Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games. 每四年,來自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員參加奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會。

    ②I usually go to my uncle's every three days (=every third day).

    我通常每三天(每隔兩天)去我叔叔家一次。

    ③There's a bus stop every two miles. 每兩英里有個(gè)車站。

    ④They looked up and gave a smile to each other every few minutes.

    每隔幾分鐘他們抬起頭相互笑笑。

    【注意】every后可接 few,但不能接 a few,因 every一詞已包含了a之意,如句④,另外every后也不能接some,several,many等詞。every后接序數(shù)詞時(shí),則修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,如句②

    2)every 可與other + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“每隔一……”。如:

    ①Please write on every other line (third line).

    請隔行寫。(請隔兩行寫一行。)

    ②They planted a tree every other metre along the road.

    他們在馬路邊每隔一米栽一棵樹。

    ③The doctor comes to see my mother every other day.

    醫(yī)生每隔一天來看我媽媽一次。

    重要詞組短語

    1.prefer…to…的含義

    1)prefer A to B 意思上接近于like A better than B,表示“喜歡……要?jiǎng)龠^喜歡……”。在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,to為介詞,prefer和to后面可接名詞或動(dòng)詞-

    ing形式。

    ①I prefer science to languages. 我喜歡理科而不太喜歡文科。

    ②He prefers beer to coffee. 啤酒與咖啡相比,他更喜歡啤酒。

    ③He said he preferred the country life to the city life.

    他說城市和農(nóng)村相比,他更喜歡農(nóng)村。 ④Even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing. 即使在假日里,他也寧愿干點(diǎn)什么事,而不愿閑待著。

    2)prefer 不接介詞 to短語而單獨(dú)使用時(shí),相當(dāng)于 like…very much。這時(shí) prefer后面可接名同,代詞,不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。例如:

    ①Southerners prefer rice while northerners prefer food made from flour. 南方人比較愛吃米飯,北方人比較愛吃面食。

    ②Which would you prefer, tea or coffee?

    茶和咖啡,你較喜歡哪一種?

    ③She preferred to work and live with the common people.

    她喜歡工作生活在普通人中間。

    ④So you prefer staying with your children on holidays?

    這么說,你在假日中寧愿與孩子們在一起了?

    【注意】prefer在構(gòu)成其-ed及-ing形式時(shí),要雙寫詞尾字母 r,即:preferred,preferring

    3)prefer還可與 rather than連用,這時(shí) prefer和 rather than后面一般接不定式,而不接動(dòng)詞-ing形式,rather than后面的不定式符號 to可有可無。

    如:

    ①She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.

    她寧愿和我們一道去,而不愿留下。

    ②He preferred to write to her rather than telephone her.

    他寧愿寫信給她,而不愿打電話給她。

    2.由read構(gòu)成的短語

    1)read out sth. =read sth. loud for others to hear,意為“讀出”、“宣布”。

    ①Your teacher will read out eight sentences. Which picture is she talking about?

    你的老師將讀出8個(gè)句子,她分別讀的是有關(guān)哪幅畫的呢?

    ②Here's a letter from Tom. Shall I read it out?

    這兒有一封湯姆的來信,我要不要讀出來。

    ③The headmaster read out the names of the winners and the contest results of each class. 校長公布了獲勝者姓名以及各班競賽結(jié)果。

    2)read sth. to sb./ read sb. sth. =read loud for sb. to hear.

    表示“讀給某人聽”。

    ①Here's a report about our school. Let me read it to you.

    這兒有一篇有關(guān)我們學(xué)校的報(bào)道,我來讀給你聽。

    ②The teacher read a poem to the class. 老師給全班同學(xué)讀了首詩。

    ③She read the children a story. 她給孩子們讀了篇故事。

    ④Children like to be read to. 孩子們喜歡讀給他們聽。

    【注意】read to sb. 是“讀給某人聽”的意思,read for sb. 是“替某人讀”的意思。

    3)read sth. to oneself = read sth. in silence. 意思是“默讀”

    ①Read it to yourself. I'm not interested in it.

    不要讀出聲來,我對此不感興趣。

    4)read between the lines = to find a meaning that is not expressed. 表示“體會字里行間的言外之意”。

    ①If you read between the lines, this letter is really a request for money.

    你如果體會一下言外之意,這封信實(shí)際上是要錢。

    5)read可用作不及物動(dòng)詞,指文字的流暢或通順情況。

    ①The sentence doesn't read well. 這個(gè)句子不通順。

    ②Her letters always read well. 她的信讀起來很好。

    ③The full text reads as follows, …全文如下:…

    6)read 可用來表示“理解”、“解釋”,如:

    ①Don't read my silence as consent. 別把我的沉默當(dāng)作同意。

    ②How do you read this passage? 這一段話你怎么解釋?

    3.a(chǎn)fter that和since then的用法區(qū)別

    after that表示在過去某一件事以后,但情況或動(dòng)作并不延續(xù)到說話

    時(shí),所以句中的謂語動(dòng)詞仍要用一般過去時(shí)。since then表示從過去某一

    點(diǎn)時(shí)間延續(xù)至說話時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)到目前為止一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或保持的狀態(tài)。

    因此句中謂語動(dòng)詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。試比較:

    ①After that he never passed any exam.

    從那以后他任何一門考試都從未及格過。

    ②After that they took more attention to what I said and did.

    從那以后他們對我的一言一行更加關(guān)注了。

    ③I have been studying hard since then.

    從那以來我一直努力學(xué)習(xí)。

    ④He has written more than 20 books since then.

    從那時(shí)候以來他寫了二十多本書。

    ⑤It's over three years since then. 從那以來已有三年多了。

    (句中常用 It's代替 It has been. )

    【注意】that指過去某一件事,then指過去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。

    4.介詞for短語代表一個(gè)不定式

    介詞for短語常被用來代表一個(gè)動(dòng)作。表示目的、用途、方向等。表示目的時(shí),后面一般接名詞,在作用上相當(dāng)于一相表示目的的動(dòng)詞不定式。例如:

    ①In 1992 over 8000 competitors from more than 150 countries went to Barcelona for the 25th Summer Olympics. 1992年,來自150多個(gè)國家的八千多運(yùn)動(dòng)員去巴塞羅那參加第25屆夏季奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會。(= to take part in)

    ②The place to which she took us was just right for a picnic.

    她帶我們?nèi)ピ谀莻(gè)地方正適合野餐。

    ③We are travelling back to England soon for a holiday.

    我們不久要回英格蘭度假了。(for = to have)

    ④I'll go back to my room for my pen.

    我要回宿舍去拿鋼筆。(for = to get)

    ⑤He had to go out for food.

    他不得不出去尋找食物。(for = to find)

    ⑥Let's go in for some tea.

    我們進(jìn)去喝些茶吧。(for = to have)

    ⑦Shall we go for a walk?

    我們出去散散步好嗎?(for = and take)

    5.hand 構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語

    學(xué)習(xí)下面例句,注意hand構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語的含義:

    ①Please hand in your papers at the end of the exam.

    請?jiān)诳荚嚱Y(jié)束時(shí)將試卷交上來。

    ②Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.

    把這些鉛筆分發(fā)給班上的每位同學(xué)。

    ③The thief was handed over to the police. 小偷被提交給了警方。

    ④Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 請把這本雜志傳給你的朋友們。

    ⑤Then he handed the cup around the class of students.

    他把杯子遞給學(xué)生,在全班傳了一圈。

    ⑥This ring has been handed down in my family for generations.

    這枚戒指在我的家族中傳了好幾代了。

    常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)

    1.Many of the sports were the same as they are now.

    1)the same as…中,same是代詞,the same + 名詞 + as…中,same是形容詞。

    在上述句型中,as是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,as在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。如:

    ①The house is just the same as it used to be. 這座房子還跟過去一樣。(as在定語從句中作表語)

    ②We are facing the same problems as we did years ago. (as在從句中作動(dòng)詞賓語)我們正面臨著幾年前同樣的問題。

    ③We drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered by. (as在從句中作介詞賓語)

    我們驅(qū)車出城時(shí),與進(jìn)城時(shí)是同一條路。

    【注意】在這種句型中,為避免重復(fù),as從句中常省略和前面相同的部分。

    2)the same…that…表示……和……一樣,指同一人或物。如:

    ①She lives in the same room that her mother lived.

    她住在她母親住過的同一間屋里。

    2.After that more and more countries joined in the games.

    形容詞/副詞“雙重比較”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示持續(xù)不斷的變化,意思是“越來越……”:

    1)adj. /adv. + -er and adj. /adv. + -er(單音節(jié)及部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞/副詞雙重比較)例如:

    ①She is getting thinner and thinner. 她變得越來越瘦了。

    ②He runs faster and faster. 他跑得越來越快了。

    2)more and more + adj. /adv. (多音節(jié)及部分雙音節(jié)的形容詞/副詞雙重比較)例如:

    ①Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.

    我們的家鄉(xiāng)變得越來越美麗了。

    ②We are going more and more slowly. 我們越走越慢了

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