結構指的是句子的基本結構,表達法所指內容極為廣泛,概括地講,它指英文句子中詞和短語的正確形式以及詞與詞,詞與短語的正確搭配。這里主要講解有關結構的命題,即英文句子的基本構成形式。
基本句子結構常考題型及解題要點
一般來講,所考的有關句子結構的題目都比較簡單,通常是正常詞序的簡單句和復合句,即主語-謂語-賓語或主語-系詞-表語兩種基本詞序。倒裝句、省略句、強調句試題也時有出現。但所占比例很小。
基本句型
(1)簡單句 主- 謂- 賓
主- 系- 表
(2)復合句 主句 +連詞 +從句
連詞 +從句 ,主句
(3)并列句 句1 + 連詞 + 句2
基本概念
(1)有主語、有謂語方可稱為句子,否則為短語。
(2)主句和從句必須有連接詞銜接。連接句可在兩個句子中間,亦可放置于句首。
解題要點
(1)尋找謂語動詞或系動詞以確定主謂結構
(2)尋找連接詞以確定句子結構
(3)分別檢查主句和從句的主謂結構
例題分析
1. 簡單句中主語謂語要完整
(1)In addition to pleasure, _____ excitement, challenge, and relaxation.
(A) the providing of garrets (B) games if providing
(C) the games which provide (D) games provide
[答案] D 空格前為一介詞短語、空格后為三個并列名。此句即無主語,也無謂語,故選擇含有動詞的答案(D)。尋找動詞是最快捷的途徑。
(2) _____has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children.
(A) Virginia Hamilton who (B) Because Virginia Hamilton
(C) Virginia Hamilton (D) The fact than Virginia Hamilton
[答案] C 空格后面是謂語動詞形式has own, 故空格內應主語句詞,即(C)。
(3)With affection and humor, poet phyllis McGinley _____ of ordinary life.
(A) the virtues were praised (B) praised the virtues
(C) she praised the virtues (D) her praise of the virtues
[答案] B 此句有主語,但缺謂語動詞,故選擇(B)。
(4) _______ became a state in 1876.
(A) When Colorado (B) Colorado
(C) It was Colorado (D) Colorado which
[答案] B 空格后的謂動詞be came表明應選擇一個名詞作主語,即(B)。
2. 主句和從句皆要有完整的主語和謂語
(1)Because it hardens soft metals such as tin and lead, _____ in alloys.
(A) antimony is used (B) using antimony (C) antimony uses
(D) to use antimony
[答案] A Because 引導的狀語從句主謂結構完整,而主句卻主謂俱缺,故選擇主謂完整而句意正確的答案(A)。
(2) The dominant philosophy of the Age of Enlightenmers _____ in the universe in terms of forces that could be detected by the human senses.
(A) an explanation for everything
(B) attempted to explain everything
(C) everything was an attempt
(D) explained and attempted
[答案] B 這是個含有定語從句的復合句。主句缺少謂語動詞,故選擇(B)。答案(D)亦為動詞,但缺少賓語。
(3)_______ that both birds and mamma 8|5 become larger, their metabolite rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer.
(A) The truth (B) If true
(C) It is true (D) To be true
[答案] C 空格后面的連接詞That 表明此處應填入主句,即含有主語和謂語的答案。四項選擇中只有(C)是完整的句子。
(4)Prescriptions for corrective lenses that are provided by an optometrist are often brought to an optician who _____ the lenses.
(A) grinding (B) grinds (C) they grind (D) are ground
[答案] B 空格前面的連接詞 who引導一個定語從句。此句缺少謂語動詞,故選擇答案(B)。答案(D)亦為謂語動詞形式,但被動語態不適合本句。